Saturday, October 12, 2013

Sun

 

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Taken from: Wikipedia
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Observation data
Mean distance
from Earth
1.496×108 km
8 min 19 s at light speed
Visual brightness (V) −26.74[1]
Absolute magnitude 4.83[1]
Spectral classification G2V
Metallicity Z = 0.0122[2]
Angular size 31.6′ – 32.7′[3]
Adjectives Solar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance
from Milky Way core
~2.7×1017 km
27,200 light-years
Galactic period (2.25–2.50)×108 a
Velocity ~220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy)
~20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
~370 km/s[4] (relative to the cosmic microwave background)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter 1.392684×106 km[5]
Equatorial radius 6.96342×105 km[5]
109 × Earth[6]
Equatorial circumference 4.379×106 km[6]
109 × Earth[6]
Flattening 9×10−6
Surface area 6.0877×1012 km2[6]
11,990 × Earth[6]
Volume 1.412×1018 km3[6]
1,300,000 × Earth
Mass 1.9891×1030 kg[1]
333,000 × Earth[1]
Average density 1.408×103 kg/m3[1][6][7]
Density Center (model): 1.622×105 kg/m3[1]
Lower photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3
Lower chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3
Corona (avg): 1×10−12 kg/m3[8]
Equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s2[1]
27.94 g
27,542.29 cgs
28 × Earth[6]
Escape velocity
(from the surface)
617.7 km/s[6]
55 × Earth[6]
Temperature Center (modeled): ~1.57×107 K[1]
Photosphere (effective): 5,778 K[1]
Corona: ~5×106 K
Luminosity (Lsol) 3.846×1026 W[1]
~3.75×1028 lm
~98 lm/W efficacy
Mean intensity (Isol) 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1
Age 4.57 billion years[9]
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity 7.25°[1]
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane)
Right ascension
of North pole[10]
286.13°
19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination
of North pole
+63.87°
63° 52' North
Sidereal rotation period
(at equator)
25.05 days[1]
(at 16° latitude) 25.38 days[1]
25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s[10]
(at poles) 34.4 days[1]
Rotation velocity
(at equator)
7.189×103 km/h[6]
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen 73.46%[11]
Helium 24.85%
Oxygen 0.77%
Carbon 0.29%
Iron 0.16%
Neon 0.12%
Nitrogen 0.09%
Silicon 0.07%
Magnesium 0.05%
Sulfur 0.04%

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