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Taken from: Wikipedia
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Computer-generated view based on a Mars Global Surveyor image mosaic (1999–2004). At left, orographic water ice clouds are suspended over the shield volcanoes Olympus Mons, Alba Mons and the Tharsis Montes. The north polar summer (water) ice cap is at top, incised by Chasma Boreale. At lower right, Valles Marineris stretches east-west over 4000 km. Dark areas on the right are lacking in surface dust; the bright area at the lower right limb is the impact basin Argyre.
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| Designations | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronunciation |  i/ˈmɑrz/ |
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| Adjective | Martian | ||||||||||||
| Orbital characteristics [2] | |||||||||||||
| Epoch J2000 | |||||||||||||
| Aphelion | 249,209,300 km 1.665 861 AU |
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| Perihelion | 206,669,000 km 1.381 497 AU |
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| Semi-major axis | 227,939,100 km 1.523 679 AU |
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| Eccentricity | 0.093 315 | ||||||||||||
| Orbital period | 686.971 days 1.8808 Julian years 668.5991 sols |
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| Synodic period | 779.96 days 2.135 Julian years |
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| Average orbital speed | 24.077 km/s | ||||||||||||
| Mean anomaly | 19.3564° | ||||||||||||
| Inclination | 1.850° to ecliptic 5.65° to Sun's equator 1.67° to invariable plane[1] |
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| Longitude of ascending node | 49.562° | ||||||||||||
| Argument of perihelion | 286.537° | ||||||||||||
| Satellites | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Equatorial radius | 3,396.2 ± 0.1 km[a] [3] 0.533 Earths |
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| Polar radius | 3,376.2 ± 0.1 km[a] [3] 0.531 Earths |
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| Flattening | 0.005 89 ± 0.000 15 | ||||||||||||
| Surface area | 144,798,500 km2 0.284 Earths |
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| Volume | 1.6318×1011 km3[4] 0.151 Earths |
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| Mass | 6.4185×1023 kg[4] 0.107 Earths |
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| Mean density | 3.9335 ± 0.0004[4] g/cm³ | ||||||||||||
| Equatorial surface gravity | 3.711 m/s²[4] 0.376 g |
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| Escape velocity | 5.027 km/s | ||||||||||||
| Sidereal rotation period | 1.025 957 day 24.622 9 h[4] |
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| Equatorial rotation velocity | 868.22 km/h (241.17 m/s) | ||||||||||||
| Axial tilt | 25.19° | ||||||||||||
| North pole right ascension | 21 h 10 min 44 s 317.681 43° |
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| North pole declination | 52.886 50° | ||||||||||||
| Albedo | 0.170 (geometric)[5] 0.25 (Bond)[6] |
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| Apparent magnitude | +1.6 to −3.0[7] | ||||||||||||
| Angular diameter | 3.5–25.1"[6] | ||||||||||||
| Atmosphere[6][13] | |||||||||||||
| Surface pressure | 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa | ||||||||||||
| Composition |
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